If heartburn occurs two or more times a week, it's considered gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Hiatal hernia . Anaemia occurs when the level of haemoglobin is low. When levels of gastric acid decrease, bile acids become more soluble. You can also Find an expert for commentary. 70: Barrett's esophagus, with structure and ulceration. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Estimated. But sometimes, this acid doesnt stay only in our stomachs. Castelo-Branco C, et al. Iron-deficiency anemia affects about 20% of people in the world. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Red blood cell transfusions will only provide temporary improvement. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia, but an iron deficiency can also occur without anemia. The most recent expert review and best practice advice on the risks and benefits of long-term use from the American Gastroenterological Association in 2017 doesnt include iron deficiency in the summary of potential adverse effects of PPI use, and says screening for iron deficiency in long-term PPI users has no proven benefit.However, our research suggests that doctors should consider iron deficiency as one of the important adverse effects of PPIs when balancing their benefits and harms. PLoS One. The University would seek your prior written consent before using your personal information for any purpose other than that which is described above and before disclosing your personal information to any third party. Anemia occurs when there are not enough red blood cells (RBCs) in the body. Instead, use ferritin. Approach to the adult patient with anemia. GERD (persistent acid reflux): Symptoms, treatments, and causes, Nausea and GERD: Causes, symptoms, and treatment. However, left untreated, iron deficiency anemia can become severe and lead to health problems, including the following: You can reduce your risk of iron deficiency anemia by choosing iron-rich foods. Monitoring body iron in patients who have been on PPIs for a year or more is also necessary, especially in patients with suspected symptoms of iron deficiency. There are two main types of anemia: hyperproliferative anemia and hypoproliferative anemia. Common symptoms of iron deficiency include: Its a good idea to talk with your doctor if you notice any of these symptoms. A Barrett's oesophagus should not be blamed for iron deficiency unless neoplasms of the colon have been excluded. Here are the three symptoms of Barrett's esophagus that you need to know. 8600 Rockville Pike Anyone who menstruates needs more iron due to monthly blood loss. In Barrett's esophagus, normally flat, pink cells are replaced with a thick, red lining with potential for cancerous changes, thought to be triggered by long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Picture: ShutterstockMonitoring body iron in patients who have been on PPIs for a year or more is also necessary, especially in patients with suspected symptoms of iron deficiency. Symptoms of anemia include: Approximately 25% of people globally have anemia. Corley DA, Kubo A, Levin TR, Habel L, Zhao W, Leighton P, Rumore G, Quesenberry C, Buffler P, Block G. Am J Gastroenterol. Barrett's esophagus is a condition in which the cells of your esophagus become like the cells of your intestines. MeSH Can diet help improve depression symptoms? You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Several case studies support this finding. Iron is a mineral that your body needs to make healthy red blood cells. We avoid using tertiary references. Al-Naseem A, et al. Iron deficiency is the top nutritional disorder in the world and the direct cause of anaemia in half of cases. This can cause heartburn and tissue damage. A study conducted at a major teaching hospital in Tasmania showed that only 37 per cent of patients receiving PPIs were appropriately prescribed, which suggests these drugs are overprescribed. Severe side effects other than allergic reactions are rare and include urticaria (hives), pruritus (itching), and muscle and joint pain. In contrast to the hypothesis that increased iron intakes and higher iron stores are a risk factor for BE and EAC, this study suggests that higher iron intakes and stores may have a protective association with BE and EAC, with the exception of what was found for heme iron intake. The first-line treatment for iron deficiency is usually dietary counseling and oral iron supplements. Iron deficiency anemia and acid reflux are connected. What you may not know is that this toxic substance plays an essential role in our own bodies. Barrett's esophagus is a condition in which the lining of the esophagus changes, becoming more like the lining of the small intestine rather than the esophagus. The dosage and length of PPI use should be appropriately reduced as much as possible. Sign up for free, and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips and current health topics, like COVID-19, plus expertise on managing health. GERD is a condition that affects the digestive system. We found a much higher proportion of patients with iron deficiency who continuously or intermittently used PPIs compared to people without iron deficiency. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivatives 3.0 Australia (CC BY-ND 3.0 AU), so you can republish our articles for free, online or in print. Association between circulating levels of sex steroid hormones and esophageal adenocarcinoma in the FINBAR Study. Its time to examine the cost-effectiveness of different dosages and lengths of PPI use and balance their benefits with their potential harms. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Ending the Opioid Crisis - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Nutritional Supplements at Mayo Clinic Store. Most people with Barrett's esophagus will not get esophageal cancer. This may be diagnosed as iron-deficiency anemia. The iron is then released into the blood stream, where a protein called transferrin attaches to it and delivers the iron to the liver. We found that people who used PPI continuously for one year or more had a higher risk of iron deficiency than people with continuous PPI use of less than one year. Talk to our Chatbot to narrow down your search. Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a precursor to esophageal adeno-carcinoma and is a consequence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) [1]. and transmitted securely. Although the risk of developing esophageal cancer is small, it's important to have regular checkups with careful imaging and extensive biopsies of the esophagus to check for precancerous cells (dysplasia). Anemia can occur rapidly when there is a sudden loss of blood. Iron is stored in the liver as ferritin and released as needed to make new red blood cells in the bone marrow. Both heartburn and heart attacks can cause pain in the center of the chest. Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization. Some of the best sources of iron include: Blood work is the best way for iron deficiency to be diagnosed, with or without anemia. Iron deficiency anemia develops when the body's iron stores run low. If we combine this information with your protected Accessibility For this reason, a medical diagnosis is essential to receive appropriate treatment. Between 10 and 15 percent of people with GERD develop Barrett's esophagus. We avoid using tertiary references. There is a problem with Colonoscopy found a large intestinal tumor exceeding 5 cm in the proximal . But sometimes, this acid doesnt stay only in our stomachs. To investigate the association between iron intake and iron status with Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The risk is small, even in people who have precancerous changes in their esophagus cells. The lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) is a valve that is located at the junction of the stomach with the oesophagus. Too much milk often takes the place of other foods, including those that are rich in iron. About 5 in 100 people with acid reflux (5%) develop Barrett's oesophagus. But this is not common. This type of anemia, sometimes also called "anemia of chronic inflammation," is seen mostly in people who have been sick for a long time. Three patients this week reported acid reflux as well as severe iron deficiency . These include: Gastrointestinal cancer, such as gastrointestinal tract adenocarcinoma. http://www.uptodate.com/home. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8002799/, aafp.org/pubs/afp/collections/choosing-wisely/432.html, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8671013/, gremjournal.com/journal/04-2020/iron-deficiency-without-anemia-indications-for-treatment/. Learn, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. privacy practices. Medication and surgery can treat, Anemia is the most common blood disorder. Mesa RA (expert opinion). Qumseya B, et al. Dietary Risk Reduction Factors for the Barrett's Esophagus-Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Continuum: A Review of the Recent Literature. Patients may present with unexplained, non-specific symptoms. A transferrin saturation test is also useful to see how much iron in the blood is bound to transferrin. This can occur because: Your body is able to absorb iron, but you are not eating . Craving and chewing ice: A sign of anemia? Just another site can barrett's esophagus cause iron deficiency anemia This includes people who: Ferritin levels also play a role in iron deficiency. All rights reserved. Research shows that reduced oxygen supply to the brain can lead to cognitive impairment and increase the risk of dementia in the elderly.Our research looked at the use of PPIs in more than 50,000 people and analysed the difference in time and dose-response between patients with iron deficiency and a control group without it (a technique called case-control study).We calculated the duration and daily dosage of PPI use based on records of prescriptions and compared these between the two patient groups. Picture: Getty ImagesOur bodies needs iron to make haemoglobin, which helps carry oxygen through your blood to all parts of your body. Refluxed stomach acid that touches the lining of your esophagus can cause heartburn and damage the cells in your esophagus. Fortunately, most people with Barrett's esophagus will never develop esophageal cancer. You can get iron from both plant and animal sources. other information we have about you. We found that people who used PPI continuously for one year or more had a higher risk of iron deficiency than people with continuous PPI use of less than one year.Saving lives with less bloodRead morePeople using one 20 milligram tablet of PPI or more daily had a higher risk of iron deficiency compared with people who were taking less than one tablet daily. This feeling is a symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease, which affects more than 2 million Australians. 2016 Sep;5(9):2657-65. doi: 10.1002/cam4.810. A vitamin B12 deficiency can cause a type of anemia called megaloblastic anemia. Micronutrients: A double-edged sword in microbial-induced gastric carcinogenesis. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441938/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6140167/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507793/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5891535/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8760012/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499994/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448065/, Cardiovascular health: Insomnia linked to greater risk of heart attack. People with Barrett's esophagus have an increased risk of esophageal cancer. PPIs are remarkably effective but can affect the absorption of iron. 1.0 Introduction Iron deciency anaemia (IDA) occurs in 2-5% of adult men and post-menopausal women in the developed world12and is a common cause of referral to a gastroenterology clinic (4-13% On the other hand, iron-deficiency anemia is diagnosed if ferritin and hemoglobin are both low. Less than 1% of those with Barrett's esophagus each year go on to develop esophageal cancer. Publication types Case Reports MeSH terms Adenocarcinoma / complications Adenocarcinoma / diagnostic imaging Anemia, Hypochromic / diagnostic imaging Anemia, Hypochromic / etiology* Barrett Esophagus / complications* Some people with esophagitis may then develop gastrointestinal bleeding. We found a much higher proportion of patients with iron deficiency who continuously or intermittently used PPIs compared to people without iron deficiency.Even with other potential factors that can also cause iron deficiency ruled out, like blood loss, chronic diseases and malabsorption of foods, continuous use of PPIs for one year or more still increases the risk of iron deficiency. Using multiple logistic regression, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated within quartiles of intake/status. By talking with your doctor about your diet and medical history, your doctor may gain enough information to determine whether additional testing is needed. You can access any personal information the University holds about you by contacting the Universitys Privacy Officer at privacy-officer@unimelb.edu.au. 7 Although levels below 15 ng per mL (33.70 pmol per L) are consistent with a diagnosis of iron . Cancer Causes Control. Iron studies will usually show a low ferritin and low transferrin saturation with a normal haemoglobin concentration. privacy practices. Barrett's. Other tests might be done at the same time to find out more about the health of your red blood cells. Sometimes its a combination of factors. Understanding Barrett's esophagus. This is often seen as vomiting blood (hematemesis) or rectal bleeding. FOIA MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Symptoms of iron deficiency without anemia. HOW PPIs WORKThe mechanism by which PPIs suppress gastric acid production is quite complex. Other common causes include ( 30 ): inflammatory conditions, like autoimmune diseses, cancer, and chronic kidney disease Iron deficiency anemia signs and symptoms may include: Extreme fatigue Weakness Pale skin Chest pain, fast heartbeat or shortness of breath Headache, dizziness or lightheadedness Cold hands and feet Inflammation or soreness of your tongue Brittle nails Unusual cravings for non-nutritive substances, such as ice, dirt or starch Iron infusions are another option, but this is typically only done in more severe cases of iron-deficiency anemia. Schrier SL, et al. They can order blood work to find out more. For instance, around 50% of all anemia cases are due to iron deficiency. Nucci D, Marino A, Realdon S, Nardi M, Fatigoni C, Gianfredi V. Nutrients. Disclaimer. What causes iron-deficiency anemia? Barrett's esophagus. In many instances, dietary changes alone isnt enough to raise iron levels into the normal range. This can happen from gastric ulcers, fibroids, endometriosis and other conditions. Most people with iron deficiency need 150-200 mg per day of elemental iron (2 to 5 mg of iron per kilogram of body weight per day). Children with severe neurologic impairment and congenital esophageal atresia often have gastroesophageal reflux disease, which can lead to Barrett's esophagus, a form of lower esophageal. In the latter case, doctors may advise a person to stop using this GERD medication. Review/update the A test called a complete blood count (CBC) is often the first blood test that will be done to diagnose anemia. But because the majority of dietary iron exists in an insoluble form, without acid, it wont be absorbed properly. Careers. As a result, many of us turn to popular medications that suppress gastric acid secretion to manage the reflux disease and its symptoms. This content does not have an English version. anemia si brge. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. It is believed that the main reason that Barrett's esophagus develops is because of chronic inflammation . Vasile Valeriu Lupu, Ph.D., from the "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Iasi, Romania, and colleagues examined the presence of anemia as a result of . Would you like email updates of new search results? The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Bookshelf Its function is to prevent acid and other contents of the stomach from coming back into the oesophagus. Transferrin is a protein that helps bind and transport iron in the blood. As a result, iron deficiency anemia may leave you tired and short of breath. government site. The dosage and length of PPI use should be appropriately reduced as much as possible.Doctors should consider iron deficiency as one of the important adverse effects of PPIs. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults/all-content#section2x. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Increasing iron intake from food may help, but this is most effective in nonsymptomatic people who dont have any absorption issues. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia. include protected health information. This hazardous, corrosive and smelly chemical comes with a lot of safety requirements including wearing gloves and masks when youre handling it.What you may not know is that this toxic substance plays an essential role in our own bodies. Iron is obtained from foods in our diet; however, only 1 mg of iron is absorbed for every 10 to 20 mg of iron ingested. However, its also possible to have an iron deficiency without anemia. Start your day off right, with a Dayspring Coffee Transfusions are given to replace deficient red blood cells and will not completely correct the iron deficiency. information submitted for this request. Saito H. (2014). In some cases, if the cause cannot be identified or corrected, the patient may have to receive supplemental iron on an ongoing basis. Two are taking antacids and proton pump inhibitors. Wennerstrm EC, Risques RA, Prunkard D, Giffen C, Corley DA, Murray LJ, Whiteman DC, Wu AH, Bernstein L, Ye W, Chow WH, Vaughan TL, Liao LM. You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. Comparing the fourth to the first quartile, iron intake (OR 0.50; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.98), non-heme iron intake per 10 mg/day increment (OR 0.29; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.99), and toenail iron (OR 0.40; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.93) were negatively associated with EAC; while heme iron intake was positively associated (OR 3.11 95% CI: 1.46, 6.61). Can Anemia Be Caused by a Deficiency in Vitamin B12? With iron deficiency anemia, red blood cells are smaller and paler in color than normal. Pronounced iron deficiency anemia can cause fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, confusion, palpitations and several other symptoms. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is long-term, regular acid reflux. Iron deficiency is common in menstruating and pregnant women, children, and others with a diet history of excessive cow's milk or low iron-containing foods. This will help not only to improve patient outcomes, but also to reduce the economic impact of these widely prescribed medications, which cost Australians over $400 million between 2006 and 2007.Its time to examine the cost-effectiveness of different dosages and lengths of PPI use and balance their benefits with their potential harms.Banner: Getty Images. Chest pain, fast heartbeat or shortness of breath, Unusual cravings for non-nutritive substances, such as ice, dirt or starch, Poor appetite, especially in infants and children with iron deficiency anemia, Dark green leafy vegetables, such as spinach, Dried fruit, such as raisins and apricots, Iron-fortified cereals, breads and pastas. The Media Office is staffed from 8am5pm Monday to Friday. In general, short-term use of PPI is well-tolerated, with relatively low incidence of side effects. This is when red blood cells are too large and can't divide properly, The glycemic index (GI) is a value used to measure how much a specific food increases your blood sugar levels. Disclaimer. The most recent expert review and best practice advice on the risks and benefits of long-term use from the American Gastroenterological Association in 2017 doesnt include iron deficiency in the summary of potential adverse effects of PPI use, and says screening for iron deficiency in long-term PPI users has no proven benefit. In some cases your doctor may recommend intravenous (IV) iron. 9th ed. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could #based on Pathophysiology (cause of anemia): 1.Blood loss anemia 2.Heamolytic anemia (destruction of RBCs inside the body.) A low transferrin saturation usually indicates iron deficiency. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) improves iron absorption, and some doctors recommend that you take 250 mg of vitamin C with iron tablets. Iron deficiency has different causes. Plummer-Vinson syndrome (PVS) is a rare condition characterized by the classic triad of dysphagia, iron-deficiency anemia, and esophageal webbing. Other less common causes of iron deficiency include: Blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract due to gastritis (inflammation of the stomach), esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus), ulcers in the stomach or bowel, hemorrhoids, angiodysplasia (leaky blood vessels similar to varicose veins in the gastrointestinal tract), infections such as . Glycemic Index: What It Is and How to Use It, feeling weak, especially when doing an activity, are children or teenagers and need extra iron for growth, have changes in their stomach acid from using, have blood loss due to internal bleeding or surgery. Schrier SL, et al. Connect with others like you for support and answers to your questions in the Blood Cancers & Disorders support group on Mayo Clinic Connect, a patient community. eCollection 2017. The most widely prescribed medications of these acid suppressants belong to a drug class called proton pump inhibitors or PPIs for short, which are used for conditions including indigestion, gastroesophageal reflux and gastric ulcer.Eating supplements cannot beat the real thingRead moreAccording to Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), over 19 million prescriptions of PPIs were written in Australia between 2013 and 2014. Leukocyte telomere length in relation to the risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Barrett's oesophagus is a medical condition where some of the cells in your oesophagus grow abnormally. You can usually correct iron deficiency anemia with iron supplementation. PLoS One. 2009 Apr;20(3):279-88. doi: 10.1007/s10552-008-9242-6. Causes of iron deficiency anemia include: These groups of people may have an increased risk of iron deficiency anemia: Mild iron deficiency anemia usually doesn't cause complications. The site is secure. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Lifestyle, WCRF/AICR Recommendations, and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Risk: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Iron is absorbed in the small intestine (duodenum and first part of the jejunum). Accessed Oct. 16, 2016. Scientists remain unsure about its exact causes. * Autoimmune gastritis (e.g., Pernicious anemia) * Granulomatous disease (Crohn's dz, Sarcoidosis) * Uncertain etiology (lymphocytic . The cause of the iron deficiency should be identified and managed. 2021 Oct 8;13(10):3525. doi: 10.3390/nu13103525. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Abnormally shaped nails with inward depression or ridge are also symptoms of severely low iron. You can be deficient in iron without being anemic, but the longer the deficiency is left untreated, the greater your chance of developing anemia gets. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal A burning sensation after eating is heartburn. ), Blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract due to gastritis (inflammation of the stomach), esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus), ulcers in the stomach or bowel, hemorrhoids, angiodysplasia (leaky blood vessels similar to varicose veins in the gastrointestinal tract), infections such as diverticulitis, or tumors in the esophagus, stomach, small bowel, or colon. Here are 21 iron-rich plant foods for vegetarians and vegans. People ages 1950 who menstruate need 18 milligrams (mg) of iron daily. While all cancers can cause anemia, some are more likely to do so. omeprazole and iron deficiency; can barrett's esophagus cause iron deficiency anemia; how do antacids affect iron absorption; does gaviscon affect iron absorption; do antacids cause anemia; do antacids prevent iron absorption; Information related to the topic Do antacids cause iron deficiency? Proton Pump Inhibitors Do Not Reduce the Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in Patients with Barrett's Esophagus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dietary fat and meat intakes and risk of reflux esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. The reasons for the endoscopy leading to the initial diagnosis of Barrett's metaplasia are shown in fig 3.The main groupings were symptoms of: gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, epigastric pain (suggestive of peptic ulcer), overt gastrointestinal bleeding (haematemesis or melaena), iron deficiency anaemia (endoscopy for assessment of anaemia without any gastrointestinal . Iron deficiency without anemia: Indications for treatment. O'Doherty MG, Cantwell MM, Murray LJ, Anderson LA, Abnet CC; FINBAR Study Group. Iron is an essential nutrient that plays an important role in many bodily functions. Objective: Long-term use of PPI should always consider the balance between benefits and risks of the therapy. But our research, the first population-based study of its kind, found these widely prescribed acid suppressants and their dosage and length of use were associated with iron deficiency. Blood transfusion is sometimes a treatment for anemia. Instead, it moves up and creates an uncomfortable, burning sensation around the breastbone commonly called heartburn. ho'oponopono money miracles . Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-HealthProfessional/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4345694/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5986027/, Vegetarian Foods That Are Loaded With Iron. Anemia during the third trimester of pregnancy can cause health difficulties for both mother and baby. Early diagnosis and effective treatment can help prevent complications in older adults. GERD is common in the United States, affecting 18.127.8% of adults. April 15, 2020. Accessed Oct. 16, 2016. Vitamin C in citrus juices, like orange juice, helps your body to better absorb dietary iron. First published on 14 October 2018 in Health & Wellbeing, Senior Research Fellow, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne. How Common Is Sickle Cell Anemia in White People? 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). Foods to eat, and foods to avoid with GERD and acid reflux, making some lifestyle changes, such as practicing, avoiding consuming alcohol, if applicable, reaching or maintaining a moderate body weight. It makes you more likely to develop esophageal cancer. The reason why the tablets should be swallowed is that iron can irritate the esophagus. what is edgar xbrl validation errors and warnings. Hematocrit. Fatigue, lethargy. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. Avoid using hemoglobin to evaluate patients for iron deficiency in susceptible populations. 1988 Sep;151(3):433-8. doi: 10.2214/ajr.151.3.433. This is the most common form of cancer found as a result of a diagnosis of anemia. The risk is small, even in people who have precancerous changes in their esophagus cells. The only way to know for sure is through blood work. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.
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