a. Eratosthenes of Cyrene developed longitude and latitude . Earlier estimates of the circumference of Earth had been made (for example, Aristotle says that some mathematicians had obtained a value of 400,000 stadia), but no details of their methods have survived. He was the first prose writer. He spent most of his life in the city of Alexandria in Egypt. He created a method known as the Siege of Eratosthenes by which he calculated the prime numbers. The first spot has to go to the man who coined the term geography, Eratosthenes (c. 275-194 BC). There he first coined the term "geography" and used his discoveries regarding the size and shape of the earth to represent it. 7 de junio de 2022; where to buy used bicycles near me He is also regarded as the Father of Geography.. a. Eratosthenes of Cyrene developed longitude and latitude. Eratosthenes also calculated the Sun's diameter. Eratosthenes also did other things that are known today. [16] A geometric calculation reveals that the circumference of the Earth is the distance between the two cities divided by the difference in shadow angles expressed as a fraction of one turn. He sketched, quite accurately, the route of the Nile to Khartoum, showing the two Ethiopian tributaries. But Eratosthenes, who had wide-ranging interests including poetry, theatre and ethics, was first and foremost an astronomer, and Alexandria was the place to go for astronomical studies. He was the son of Aglaus, of whom no historical record is preserved, so it is thought that he was not of an important family at the time. With the parallels and meridians, Eratosthenes located the known countries and cities. Zihuatanejo Beach Shawshank, In number theory, he introduced the sieve of Eratosthenes, an efficient method of identifying prime numbers. Uf Women's Studies Electives, What happened to most of the information accumulated there? Eratosthenes was well acquainted with the extent of the Red sea, which he described as extending for about 9000 stadia (900 miles) from the head of Gulf of Suez to the Bab-al-Mandab. Euclid, Greek Eukleides, (flourished c. 300 bce, Alexandria, Egypt), the most prominent mathematician of Greco-Roman antiquity, best known for his treatise on geometry, the Elements. Eratosthenes (276 BC - 194 BC) was an Ancient Greek scientist and philosopher who did work in astronomy, geometry, geography, mathematics, as well as poetry and history. Corrections? Eratosthenes, in full Eratosthenes of Cyrene, (born c. 276 bce, Cyrene, Libyadied c. 194 bce, Alexandria, Egypt), Greek scientific writer, astronomer, and poet, who made the first measurement of the size of Earth for which any details are known. He uses the angles of shadows and the distance between Alexandria and Syene to arrive at a value of 24,855 miles (40,000 kilometers). Vol. Uci Computer Science And Engineering, He also studied under the head of the Platonic Academy, who was Arcesilaus of Pitane. However, it was in geography where he proved to be more skillful for he was one of the greatest of all ancient geographers. This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 18:23. The word geography comes from a Middle French word that was first used in 1540. Name the major oceans and their main characteristics. Eratosthenes created a whole section devoted to the examination of Homer, and acquired original works of great tragic dramas of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides. So he studied there, and briefly in Athens as well. The ancient Greek scholar Eratosthenes is dubbed the father of geography. He was the first to use the word geography, and he also had a small-scale understanding of the planet that helped him determine the earths circumference. Etching of an ancient seal identified as Eratosthenes. He studied astronomy, geography, and math. Greeks-create Maps of Med. . All of the planets, except for Earth, were named after Greek and Roman gods and godesses. He sought to maintain the reputation of the Library of Alexandria against competition from the Library of Pergamum. He could then use simple proportions to find the Earths circumference 7.2 degrees is 1/50 of 360 degrees, so 800 times 50 equals 40,000 kilometers. How did the Egyptians contribute to oceanography? The first recorded use of the word geography was by Eratosthenes, a Greek scholar who lived from 276-194 BC who is credited with creating the discipline of geography (Eratosthenes' Geography. The prime meridian plotted by Ptolemy was used by the Arabs for the calculation of time and longitudes. Read about the life of Eratosthenes. Humboldt and Kant. Eratosthenes died in Alexandria, approximately in 194 BC, when he was 82 years old. Geography is a chorographic discipline. He may have measured the distances from Earth to both the Moon and to the Sun, but the historical accounts of both deeds are rather cryptic. in. Eratosthenes Of Cyrene 13. Who Can Benefit From Diaphragmatic Breathing? We know him best for two important achievements: producing an accurate estimate of how big Earth is; and devising a method to find prime numbers. He reportedly fell into despair, and he is said to have committed suicide by voluntary starvation in 194 as a result. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Their achievements in climatology, oceanography, geomorphology, linear measurements, determination of cardinal points, limits of habitable world, sprawl of continents and oceans are highly appreciable. Eratosthenes was a Greek mathematician with a strong interest in geography. Arab and Muslim Contribution to Geography To begin with, most Muslim geographers such as Al- Despite not having a prominent ancestry, Eratosthenes did come from a city that had achieved recognition by the men who were born in it. Eratosthenes' other contributions include: The Sieve of Eratosthenes as a way of finding prime numbers. To calculate the circumference of the earth Eratosthenes used a method that has been used until our time, this consists of measuring a meridian. Eratosthenes experiment was highly regarded at the time, and his estimate of the Earths size was accepted for hundreds of years afterwards. The authors' texts have always been recognized for their readability, currency, dynamic art program, delivery of basic principles and instructor flexibility. Thus began the fame of Eratosthenes, since in his new field he achieved the recognition he had desired. Eratosthenes Contribution to Geography ugc net, Aristotle Contribution to Geography Notes By NETSET CORNER, Hipparchus Contribution to Geography Notes By NETSET CORNER, Contribution of Greek Scholar in Geography Full Notes for UGC NET, GEOGRAPHY UNIT WISE MOCK TEST (MCQS) NTA UGC NET, Contribution of Alexander Von Humboldt in the Field of Geography NTA UGC NET, Geomorphology 200 MCQS Mock Test 1 NTA UGC NET, MODEL MOCK TEST FOR GEOGRAPHY PAPER 2 NTA UGC NET. Geographys History. He was a follower of Aristotle in his belief about the spherical shape of the Earth which he considered to be placed in the centre of the universe. He was the founder of Geography and holds the credit to calculate the circumference of the Earth. Eratosthenes used longitude in his maps, though the lines were placed irregularly so that they could pass through important landmarks. He invented a system of longitude and latitude and made a map of the known world. Besides navigation, Eratosthenes also measured the Earths circumference fairly well. [1] However, his Geography has been lost to history, although fragments of the work can be pieced together from other great historians like Pliny, Polybius, Strabo, and Marcianus. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Also with one of his students, Aristn de Chios, of whom he wrote a biography. He also devised a system for discovering prime numbers as whole numbers that can only be divided by themselves or the number 1. He could then use simple proportions to find the Earths circumference 7.2 degrees is 1/50 of 360 degrees, so 800 times 50 equals 40,000 kilometers. Systmone Remote Access, (40,000 miles). Book Collection Nonfiction: High School Edition. In the same way, he wrote poetry and his themes included the stories of the constellations. 22, No. Eratosthenes. While this work is the earliest we can trace certain ideas, words, and concepts in the historical record, earlier contributions may have been lost to history. Bacon is a piece of salt-cured pork cut from the belly of a pig. He lived in Athens until Ptolemy Evergetes, the king of Egypt . He studied in Athens at the Lyceum. This is important to marine science because these concepts are used for locations around the globe. Eratosthenes hired a man to pace the distance between the two cities and learned they were 5,000 stadia apart, which is about 800 kilometers. He also suggested that lakes were the source of the river. a. Eratosthenes of Cyrene developed longitude and latitude. He was appointed as the Librarian of the Library of Alexandria-the post of highest academic honour of that period. Eratosthenes' "Geography". Several astronomers and mathematicians tried to accurately measure the circumference of the Earth before and after Eratosthenes, but it was Eratosthenes who succeeded. What are the most common nonsilicate, Your floor (length x width) can be used to calculate your square footage. Unfortunately, other than a few scraps, little remains of Eratosthenes original work. He has written works on geography, philosophy, history, astronomy, mathematics, and literary criticism. Under Ptolemaic rule the economy prospered, based largely on the export of horses and silphium, a plant used for rich seasoning and medicine. He studied astronomy, geography, and math. However, he never wanted to specialize in a single subject, for which some reproached him. Despite the fact that in Greek times young people from wealthy families had more access to education, there were male academies. Geography is the study of where things are found, why they exist, and how they develop and change over time. Strabo argues it was Alexander's interpretation of their "real intent" in recognizing that "in some people there prevail the law-abiding and the political instinct, and the qualities associated with education and powers of speech". Eratosthenes was also the first to calculate the tilt of the Earths axis, which he figured with remarkable accuracy; the finding was reported by Ptolemy (85-165 CE). Eratosthenes was a lover of the theater and wrote a series of twelve books which he titled Old Comedy. Eratosthenes of Cyrene Prince Henry the navigator's contribution to ocean exploration included? Geography was defined by Hettner as the earths chorological science. He made two important contributions, out of which one was later proved wrong, while the other was right, but it was overlooked for a long time. That is why he thought that he would arrive in Asia on his journey and did not realize that a new continent had arrived. He calculated the Earth's circumference. What superannuation contributions are reportable? [6] He wrote Chronographies, a text that scientifically depicted dates of importance, beginning with the Trojan War. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. He was the chief librarian of the Great Library of Alexandria. Scientific Oceanography James Cook - 1768- HMS Endeavor very talented navigator, cartographer, writer, artist diplomat, sailor, scientist, dietition Scientific Contributions: 1. Among the ancient Greek scholars Herodotus, Plato, Aristotle, Eratosthenes is the chief ones. It is used in oceanography in calculating the height of tides in oceans. Definition. An account of Eratosthenes method is preserved in the Greek astronomer Cleomedes Meteora. A librarian named Hipparchus later placed lines of longitude at regular intervals, and this was improved even more by Ptolemy, who added cardinal directions and divided degrees into minutes and seconds. Eratosthenes (c. 276194 bce), who had prepared a map of the Nile valley southward to the latitude of modern Khartoum, anticipated the correct answer when he reported that heavy rains had been observed to fall in the upper reaches of the river and that these History at your fingertips Oceanography Chapter 1 Oceanography Oceanus would be a better name for Earth, since oceans cover 70% surface (most major cities, resources, etc. He made a catalog of 675 stars. Defending the theory that vision is due to a flow emanating from the eye, Ptolemy analyzed the reflection of light on flat and spherical mirrors, and its refraction when it crosses the surface between two transparent media. b. Eratosthenes He was a Greek mathematician who had a profound interest in geography. He also measured the length of the shadow on the ground. He created a longitude and latitude system, as well as a map of the world. Eratosthenes made major contributions to geography. is credited for two important contributions to oceanography: 1. [2], Eratosthenes believed there was both good and bad in every nation and criticized Aristotle for arguing that humanity was divided into Greeks and barbarians, as well as for arguing that the Greeks should keep themselves racially pure. Eratosthenes was called Beta (the second letter of the Greek alphabet) because he was never first, but he is more famous than his Alpha teachers because his discoveries are still used today. The actual circumference of the Earth is 24,874 miles (40,032 kilometers). Eratosthenes was a Greek scientist who lived from 276 to 194 B.C. [5] He adopted view of Aristotle & regarded the shape of the earth as sphere. He had become blind in his old age and could no longer work by 195 BCE. Technology such as electronics and space travel have provided important contributions to oceanography. They also built a ship know as the Knarr. Required fields are marked *. Eratosthenes of Cyrene (/rtsniz/; Greek: [eratostns]; c.276 BC c.195/194 BC) was a Greek polymath: a mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist. If you ask any geographer to name a person who was responsible for the founding of their discipline, theyre likely to say, Ptolemy. Claudius Ptolemaeus lived in second-century Alexandria from 100 AD to 170 AD, writing the Geographike hyphegesis (c150), also known as the Geography. Eratosthenes. We do not know what he looked like. His prime number sieve made it simple for Greek mathematicians (and now-frustrated modern students!) Eratosthenes had a significant impact on geography. 2, 1977. Homers Iliad and The Odyssey were thought to be the first books on the subject. Eratosthenes (276 BC - 194 BC) was an Ancient Greek scientist and philosopher who did work in astronomy, geometry, geography, mathematics, as well as poetry and history. Transit of Venus across the sum verified orbits 2. The famous geographer and chief librarian at Alexandria Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c. 276 BCE - 194 BCE) also referenced Pytheas in a treatise that, like On the Ocean, has been lost but that was widely circulated in the ancient world. Events Egyptian trade on nile 4000 B.C. After these experiences, he became disenchanted with philosophy and decided to dedicate himself to poetry. Even though they were worriors, they had a huge impact on Oceanography today. At the Library of Alexandria, he was the chief librarian where he read books on a variety of disciplines that expanded his knowledge extensively. Atlantic Ocean Ocean exploration is a part of oceanography describing the exploration of ocean surfaces. The fact of being incarcerated and deprived of liberty it bring with it important p ychological con equence . Omissions? In mathematics, the sieve of Eratosthenes (Greek: ), one of a number of prime number sieves, is a simple, ancient algorithm for finding all prime numbers up to any given limit. Eratosthenes was born around 276 B.C., which is now Shahhat, Libya. Learn, revise and practice all the mocks questions related to the Oceanography with our simple and easy Flashcard quizzes How far from the correct value was Erathosthenes? Eratosthenes knew from readings he had taken in Alexandria that during the summer solstice in Siena, at noon the sun was just overhead. in Cyrene, a Greek city located in North Africa, in what is now the lands of Libya. Prince Henry the navigators contribution to ocean exploration included? On the basis of this [6] Eratosthenes was a man of many perspectives and investigated the art of poetry under Callimachus. He also tried to determine the obliquity of the ecliptic. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The largest geographic feature on the surface of Planet Earth is _____., The important contribution to navigation made by Eratosthenes in the third century BC was _____., The explorer who advanced oceanography by introducing systematic soundings, or depth measurements, was _____. The word for Earth in Greek is geo, so we call this idea a geocentric theory. Who is the first geographer in the world? They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. 285-205 BC) invented the discipline of geography as we understand it. It is used naval and aviation industries. Eratosthenes was born around 276 B.C., which is now Shahhat, Libya. establishing a center of the study of marine science and navigation on Portugal What did Eratosthenes of Cyrene contribute to marine science and why is it important? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. He became famous for being the first to calculate, with considerable precision, the circumference of the earth. Eratosthenes' Geography. In his work Geographika, Eratosthenes described and made maps of the known territories. He sketched, quite accurately, the route of the Nile to Khartoum, showing the two Ethiopian tributaries. Moreover, he conceived the peninsula of India Pointing towards the south-west, instead of south. For his contributions to philosophy, Eratosthenes was called the second Plato. In On the Circular Motions of the Celestial Bodies,[11] Cleomedes credited him with having calculated the Earth's circumference around 240 BC, with a high precision. Like any young Greek at the time, Eratosthenes would have studied in the local gymnasium, where he would have learned physical skills and social discourse as well as reading, writing, arithmetic, poetry, and music.[9]. This is the sieve's key distinction from using trial division to sequentially test each candidate number for divisibility by each prime. The psychological effects of incarceration: what goes on in the minds of prisoners? Eratosthenes made major contributions to geography. Arabs were highly influenced by the Greek ideas about the shape and size of the earth. He also measured the degree of obliquity of the ecliptic (in effect, the tilt of Earths axis) and wrote a treatise on the octateris, an eight-year lunar-solar cycle. Notable explorations were undertaken by the Greeks, the Romans, the Polynesians, the Phoenicians, Phytheas, Herodotus, the Vikings, the Portuguese and Muslims. Eratosthenes is most famous for making the first good measurement of the size of Earth. He was a renowned mathematician, poet, geographer, astronomer, and music theorist. Eratosthenes proposed a simple algorithm for finding prime numbers. He invented a system of latitude and longitude and he also might have calculated the distance from earth to the sun and invented the leap day. He calculated the circumference of the Earth to be about 252,000 stadi which is equal to about 24,662 miles. Who Eratosthenes was and what his contribution to math is? Eratosthenes (l. c. 276-195 BCE) was a Greek astronomer, geographer, mathematician, and poet best known for being the first to calculate the circumference of the earth and its axial tilt. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. 22.40, the Sieve of Eratosthenes, so that, if the number the user inputs into the program is not prime, the program displays the prime factors of the number.