what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration?

What is the effect of Spanish and Portuguese Exploration? - Brainly Many other Europeans followed in Columbuss footsteps, drawn by dreams of winning wealth by sailing west. The Spanish fleeing from an Aztec force. Overview. Open Document. Westward Expansion, 1840-1900, Industrialization and the Rise of Big Business, 1870-1900, The Growing Pains of Urbanization, 1870-1900, Leading the Way: The Progressive Movement, 1890-1920, Age of Empire: American Foreign Policy, 1890-1914, The Jazz Age: Redefining the Nation, 1919-1929, Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? An exchange of ideas, fueled and financed in part by New World commodities, began to connect European nations and, in turn, to touch the parts of the world that Europeans conquered. Warfare by the Spanish, using guns, and forced labour in mines and on plantations also contributed. The global flow of silver from the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century caused social and economic issues by creating social impact in China, changing the economic purpose for trading, and the overall exchange between the Chinese and European nations. However, when Columbus in fact discovered America, the subsequent discoveries of indigenous peoples led the Catholic country to move beyond pure trade goals to establish lasting colonies that would add to Spain's greatness and spread Catholicism to the New World. The surviving Spaniards, numbering a little over three hundred, returned to Mexico City without finding the much-anticipated mountains of gold and silver. It took nearly a year for the Spanish and the tens of thousands of native allies who joined them to defeat the Mexica in Tenochtitln, which they did by laying siege to the city. While the Portuguese built a maritime trading empire in Africa and Asia, the Spanish built a territorial empire in the Americas . He and his followers explored what is now Florida, Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Texas. The Age of Discovery & Exploration - Practice Test Questions & Chapter 5 Pages. Why Did Europeans Want a New Route to Asia? - Reference.com He then sailed to an island he named Hispaniola (present-day Dominican Republic and Haiti) ([link]). Posted on . Cartographers developed new ways of mapping. The Spanish explorers hoped to find cities of gold, so they made their discoveries sound as wonderful as possible in these letters to convince the Spanish crown to fund more voyages. [3] explored isthmus of panama. Spain also grew increasingly wealthy, but the influx of gold and silver currency eventually caused serious problems leading Charles V to declare bankruptcy and spread inflation throughout Europe. Columbuss discovery opened a floodgate of Spanish exploration. There was plenty of room to spread out, interesting cultures and landscapes to explore, natives to Christianize, and even better, economic opportunities galore, including new sources of gold and silver. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. The Portuguese destroyed the Arab trade routes in the Indian Ocean between Africa, Arabia and India. Spain had dominated much of the Americas; Ortiz goes as far to brand the period as "The Golden Age of Spain [1] ". The Portuguese took firm control of trade with the Far East. found and claimed Pacific Ocean for Spain and called it the south sea Hernando Cortes 1519- to find gold glory and god. Over the next two centuries, a string of explorers and conquistadors, or military conquerors, claimed territory after territory for the ever-widening Spanish empire. Baker Hughes (NYSE: BKR) is a leading energy technology company that design, manufacture and service transformative technologies to help take energy forward. The most famous of these Spanish adventurers are Christopher Columbus (who, though Italian himself, explored on behalf of the Spanish monarchs), Hernn Corts, and Francisco Pizarro. Beyond the splendor of the architecture of the missions, what we see today is the cumulative effect of a historic process Spain triggered with its efforts to govern and Christianize the New World, thereby culturally changing the land and people forever. Amy has MA degrees in History, English, and Theology. Portuguese mariners built an Atlantic empire by colonizing the Canary, Cape Verde, and Azores Islands, as well as the island of Madeira. He understood why the exploration and hunt of the surrounding was done by the Domain . European exploration | Definition, Facts, Maps, Images - Britannica Alejandro Duran - Vice President - Reservoir and Consulting - LinkedIn Bartholomew Dias found the Cape of Good Hope, while his successor Vasco de Gama made it to India, where he realized Portuguese dreams of having a direct spice trade link and allowed the Portuguese to dominate the trade. The Reconquista marked another step forward in the process of making Spain an imperial power, and Ferdinand and Isabella were now ready to look further afield. SE. The Jesuits attempted to covert the natives to Christianity, but most of the other colonists were more interested in pushing west to find gold and silver. What impact did the Portuguese have on exploration? The story of North American exploration spans an entire millennium and involves a wide array of European powers and uniquely American characters. succeed. Who ruled the government of ancient Sumer? Spanish Exploration: Summary, Reasons & Effects | StudySmarter Cortes, for example, had friendly relationships with a number of natives, using them to assist in his conquest of the Aztecs, while other conquistadors focused only on subjugation and cruelty. What was Portugals role in the age of discovery? To those ends, Ferdinand and Isabella sponsored extensive Atlantic exploration. The Spanish brought horses, guns, and other weaponry with them which frightened the Aztecs. Although, this conquest took over 30 years to accomplish. There were different reasons for the Spanish and Portuguese exploration, with the Portuguese establishing a trading post empire to protect their goods, and Spain focusing on. explored ante empire in Mexico. Along the way, they discovered plenty of ways to make a profit from their voyages, and pretty soon they were leaders in the gold and slave trades. There were new places to explore, room to spread out, and cultures and economies to discover and even control. The Spanish brought Western ideals to the Americas, including economic and religious systems. An error occurred trying to load this video. Portugal explored because they needed spices and jewels and they wanted to conquer lands. A desire for Asian spices and other Asian goods: European maritime expansion began with the goal of establishing new trade routes to African and Asian markets to buy ivory, pepper, cotton, and Chapter 15 Maritime Revolution - AP World History - Google Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. Seeing the value of this source of labor in growing the profitable crop of sugar on their Atlantic islands, the Portuguese soon began exporting African slaves along with African ivory and gold. Spanish . The voyages of Columbus. Portugal imported armor and munitions, fine clothes, and several manufactured products from Flanders and Italy. Ten years later, Francisco Pizarro traveled to Peru where he subsequently conquered the Incan Empire situated in the Andes Mountains. They also had different strategies that helped them make progress through their travels of the ocean. In 1482, Portuguese traders built Elmina Castle (also called So Jorge da Mina, or Saint Georges of the Mine) in present-day Ghana, on the west coast of Africa ([link]). They also found a sea route to India. What impact did the Portuguese have on exploration? What should we consider when we interpret these documents today? As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 Among these was Toribio Motolinia, whose work, History of the Indians of New Spain, provided a comprehensive description not only of conversion methods, but Aztec religious and cultural practices. How do you think it might have influenced Europeans reading about the New World for the first time? I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. Beginning in about 1418, Henry sent explorers to sea almost every year. When we read them now, we need to take the descriptions with a grain of salt. One of the greatest lasting effects of Spanish incursion into Latin America was the . This painting illustrates the diffusion of which of the following during the Age of Exploration? They also found a sea route to India. The only arms they have are sticks of cane, cut when in seed, with a sharpened stick at the end, and they are afraid to use these. Spains most famous explorer, Christopher Columbus, was actually from Genoa, Italy. In 1492, Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the Iberian Peninsula, had fallen to the forces of the Spanish monarchs. How did Exploration impact the world? By the end of this section, you will be able to: Portuguese colonization of Atlantic islands in the 1400s inaugurated an era of aggressive European expansion across the Atlantic. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest - U.S. History Spains drive to enlarge its empire led other hopeful conquistadors to push further into the Americas, hoping to replicate the success of Corts and Pizarro. - Translation into English - examples Arabic The trees, fruits and grasses differ widely from those in Juana. They were far more interested in trade, and before long, they had carried millions of Africans away from their homes as slaves. Nearly everybody remembers that 'In fourteen hundred ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue,' and indeed, Christopher Columbus, sponsored by Spain, did make his first voyage in 1492 and bumped into a completely new continent on his way to the Far East. A. Africans found a sea route around the world. Map of Columbus' first journey to the Americas. The Spanish quickly set out to explore, conquer, and colonize, which was bad news for the Amerindians who got in their way as they launched their empire. The effect of the Thrash's set items were huge. 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Wine and dried fruits from Algarve were sold in Flanders and England, salt from Setbal and Aveiro was a profitable export to northern Europe, and leather and kermes, a scarlet dye, were also exported. 2.1 Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest - OpenStax In the eighteenth century, a French historian compared Spanish and Portuguese expansion in the New World in the following terms: The conquests of the Portuguese in the New World are not as pleasing on a broad view as the conquests of Mexico and Peru. Spain wanted to explore the New World first to find a trade route to India as the Portuguese had. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. What does this letter show us about Spanish objectives in the New World? Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Velzquez painted himself into this imposingly large royal portrait (hes shown holding his brush and easel on the left) and boldly placed the viewer where the king and queen would stand in the scene ([link]). Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492-1700 on JSTOR More than a dozen veterans shared their concerns with U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs Denis McDonough and U.S. Rep. Mary Peltola. One group in particular, the Tlaxcalan, threw their lot in with the Spanish, providing as many as 200,000 fighters in the siege of Tenochtitln. Felicity Moran received a Bachelors in history from Franciscan University of Steubenville, and a Master's in history from the University of Cincinnati, where she taught at the collegiate level for two years. In addition to forcing the native populations into slavery, the Spanish explorers forced them to convert to Christianity. Vasco Nez de Balboa traveled across Panama in 1513 and saw the Pacific Ocean for the first time. Jul 22nd, 2021 Published. They stayed because of the wealth found in the region. They established posts in Guinea and Angola and a few island plantations to support their business ventures. The overland routes involved terrain that was unforgiving and dangerous, and merchants couldn't trust that they would always be safe. What did Portugal do first during the age of exploration? Malintzin remains a controversial figure in the history of the Atlantic World; some people view her as a traitor because she helped Corts conquer the Aztecs, while others see her as a victim of European expansion. In 1418, the Portuguese came upon the Madeira Islands and established a colony at Porto Santo. Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire and took part in explorations of the northern Caribbean coast of South America. John H Elliott - Empires Of The Atlantic World.pdf The Portuguese continued to focus on building trade networks and establishing a trading post empire without heavy colonization in direct contrast to the Spanish. (04.05) Painting of a scene showing European explorers and native peoples in the New World. Originally built by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century, it appears in this image as it was in the 1660s, after being seized by Dutch slave traders in 1637. All rights reserved. Hernando de Soto had participated in Pizarros conquest of the Inca, and from 1539 to 1542 he led expeditions to what is today the southeastern United States, looking for gold. Columbuss 1493 letteror probanza de mrito (proof of merit)describing his discovery of a New World did much to inspire excitement in Europe. (credit: modification of work by National Park Service), Next: Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Describe Portuguese exploration of the Atlantic and Spanish exploration of the Americas, and the importance of these voyages to the developing Atlantic World, Explain the importance of Spanish exploration of the Americas in the expansion of Spains empire and the development of Spanish Renaissance culture. Gold became the biggest source of income for the Portuguese crown. Henry the navigator was a mapmaker and helped build ships. For many Europeans, the Age of Exploration signifies a time when new lands were discovered. Age of Discovery - Wikipedia Payroll Services Expert with Portuguese or Spanish | Novartis This innovation helped the Age of Exploration flourish because it showed explorers what direction they were headed. This venture drew them further out, especially with Prince Henry the Navigator's patronage of exploration which opened the possibilities of finding a route to the Far East by sea. With the Reconquista complete and Spain a unified country, Ferdinand and Isabella could turn their attention to overseas exploration. How did the Spanish exploration impact natives? - Sage-Advices The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. The travels of Portuguese traders to western Africa introduced them to the African slave trade, already brisk among African states. Part of this Age of Discovery was the creation of a new occupation, that of conquistador. Starting in 1485, he approached Genoese, Venetian, Portuguese, English, and Spanish monarchs, asking for ships and funding to explore this westward route. Europeans gained new materials like gold, silver, and jewels. Why did the authors of probanzas de mritos choose to write in the way that they did? This exchange benefitted Europeans more than Native Americans because Europeans spread smallpox , a deadly disease, to Native Americans when they came into contact with them. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. 247 lessons Almost as an afterthought, the Portuguese turned west to Brazil in the 16th century and began settlement in 1533. Ushered in a new age of sustained global contact; world connected through networks of exchange. They also looked west, settling in Brazil. As a devoted Catholic, Columbus had agreed with Ferdinand and Isabella prior to sailing west that part of the expected wealth from his voyage would be used to continue the fight against Islam. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest by OpenStaxCollege is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Module 4 Flashcards | Quizlet Like Corts, Pizarro had to combat not only the natives of the new worlds he was conquering, but also competitors from his own country; a Spanish rival assassinated him in 1541. Effects of Spanish Rule in North and South America: 1. The world was opening up, and people were realizing how big it really was. . In 1533, Pizarro founded Lima, Peru. While the Portuguese remained focused on the establishment of trading networks, only turning to full colonization later, Spanish discoveries of established empires in North and South America led them to explore and subsequently expand their own empire with the intention of growing wealthier and spreading Catholicism. Age of Exploration Jeopardy Template In 1521, Hernando Corts conquered the Aztecs in Mexico, gaining a territory that was larger than Spain itself. The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile in 1469 unified Catholic Spain and began the process of building a nation that could compete for worldwide power. Corts was also aided by a Nahua woman called Malintzin (also known as La Malinche or Doa Marina, her Spanish name), whom the natives of Tabasco gave him as tribute. What were some effects of Spanish exploration of the Americas? Magellan and Joo Serro were the only Portuguese captains, with Magellan in charge of the largest ship, the Trinidad, and Serro at the helm of the Santiago. Riches poured in from the colonies, and new ideas poured in from other countries and new lands. Spanish and Portuguese Exploration in the Americas When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. Portuguese spice trading also made goods available to the rest of Europe on a larger scale and enriched Portugal herself. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest - U.S. History . The Spanish also introduced Catholicism into the New World. The resulting Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 drew a north-to-south line through South America ([link]); Spain gained territory west of the line, while Portugal retained the lands east of the line, including the east coast of Brazil. This phenomenon is named after the physics of whip cracking. The bullwhip effect is a term used in supply chain management to describe how minor changes in consumer demand at the retail level can cause significant demand fluctuations upstream toward raw material suppliers. The Portuguese did not emphasize colonization in their new territories. conquered Aztecs, killed emperor, collected gold Ferdinand Magellan Missionaries like Motolinia had a legitimate desire to convert the natives and others like him, including the Dominican friar Bartolome de Las Casas, who wrote "A Brief Account of the Destruction of the West Indies" to draw attention to the atrocities committed against the natives by his fellow Spaniards. . The money flowed freely, but they still hoped to find a way to the East. When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. Spain, in particular, produced a number of famous conquistadors who established the presence of the Spanish empire in Mexico, California, and Peru. In 1492, they completed the Reconquista: the centuries-long Christian conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. 1531 This compass showed from four to eight directions. The Economic Causes of European Maritime Exploration Various economic factors led some European monarchs, royal families, and states to support early maritime explorations financially. Vespuccis widely published accounts of his voyages fueled speculation and intense interest in the New World among Europeans. Bachelor of Fine Arts | BFA Degrees | NYFA It was able to amplify the power of Undead army by several magnitudes. This split desire for wealth and religious conversion was the complicated reason why Spain explored the New World. A major result of the European Age of Exploration was. B. Africans were enslaved and brought to the Americas. The Portuguese replaced Arab control of the trade in ivory, gold and slaves with their own. The natives quickly became the bulk of the workforce and were horribly abused despite Isabel's orders to the contrary. The Spanish then murdered hundreds of high-ranking Mexica during a festival to celebrate Huitzilopochtli, the god of war. However, the reality is far more complex. What was the success of Spain and Portugal? This era began in the late 1400's and lasted through the 1700's. It is responsible for influencing European culture, initiating globalization, and introducing colonialism around the world. When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. The traditional European narrative of exploration presents the victory of the Spanish over the Aztec as an example of the superiority of the Europeans over the savage Indians. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest | US History I (OS Collection) They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. There are many spices and vast mines of gold and other metals in this island. The increased flow of silver altered the worldwide global trading both socially and economically. All of these items are still traded across the Atlantic today to places all over the world. Key Explorers The key figure in early Portuguese exploration was Prince Henry, the son of King John I. Nicknamed "the Navigator," Henry was not an explorer himself. While disease killed populations. In anticipation of winning his own honor and riches, Corts later explored the Yucatn Peninsula.