Where does the lymphatic system empty into the cardiovascular system? It is characterized by redness, swelling, and pain. During which stage of the infection process is an individual highly contagious? Approximately how many people in New Mexico are infected with the HIV and/or AIDS? (c) What initiates the period of decline? complement Why will a diverging (convex) mirror never produce a real image? A communicable disease that can be easily transmitted from person to person is which type of disease? Simgle-celled microscopic animals that realease enzymes or toxing that destroy cells are called what? PCR a type of sking infection spread by direct skin-to-skin contact is what? "Even indirect contact with HBV, such as getting spilled blood on a small cut on your hand, is considered a significant sourse of occupational exposure. -Cough etiquette is composed of normal flora. the bacterium becoming most resistant to antibiotic treatments, such as penicillin, is known as what? Section: 07.03, Shaun was in need of a kidney transplant. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. C infection. 1. Which period is the stage of disease during which the patient begins to present general signs and symptoms? 8 00:48:34 Multiple Choice Supergroup Amoebozoans - Giardia intestinalis (Giardiasis) Supergroup Amoebozoans - Entamoeba histolytica (Amoebiasis) Supergroup SAR - Plasmodium (Malaria) Supergroup Excavata. They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. Bloodborne pathogens are: -Viruses and bacteria -micro-organisms -Carried in the blood -Transmitted by other potentially infectious materials Which of the following is NOT considered a bloodborne pathogen? a. pathogens Which of the following is NOT considered a bloodborne pathogen? D. Giardia. Which of the following would be a virulence factor of a pathogen? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like pathogens are one of the major sources of environmental risks. 2 0 obj -The use of Personal OSHA is responsible for the general safety and well-being of employees in almost all workplace environments and is a part of the United States Department of Labor, "In regards to bloodborne pathogen awareness and exposure prevention, you are held to the level of accountability as any other person working in the healthcare setting.". Undifferentiated B-cells remain as memory cells. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. Based on these characteristics, how would you classify this toxin? The lymphatic system will play a role in defending the body against pathogens and maintaining a state of homeostasis. Blood is the only bodily fluid that can carry pathogens. HBV is known to have survived in dried blood for up to ____ days and pose a serious risk of exposure during that time. Immunity produced by the injection of gamma globulin is known as what? It is composed mostly of protein, has high toxicity, and is not heat stable. plasma cell We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. The glycoprotein adhesion gp120 on HIV must interact with __________ on some immune cells as the first step in the process of infecting the cell. - virulence by inducing host cells to self destruct A Virus Section: 07.03, People with allergies do not produce IgE. Section: 07.02, In SCID, antibodies are missing but T cells function normally. in putting on ppe, the first article to put on is the which of the following is not OSHA standard? 100% (2 ratings) 8) e) Mannose-binding lectin because this protein plays a very crucial role in the activation of the complementation pathway called the lectin pathway. which biological agent is not considered by terrorist for the mass destruction of people? For each of the following pairs of isotopes, indicate which one you think would be radioactive: What is the intensity of this light? - it is an opportunistic pathogen D Viruses, Which childhood disease causes infantile paralysis? True Which pathogen needs a host cell to reproduce? Which of the following is NOT a pathogen? Which of the following does NOT fit into the category of other potentially infectious materials? cytokines. Which of the following best describes the innate nonspecific immune system? nonspecific passive B-cell mediated. Which of the following are considered Universal Precautions? C. marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken in the . B. at time of initial assignment and annually thereafter. Which of the following represent epigenetic changes caused by a pathogen that can affect its ability to cause infection in the host? False, True 31. heat C white blood cells. tonsils and bone marrow, thymus and bone marrow Inactivate the gene so that fimbriae are no longer produced. AIDS Which pathogen is most virulent? helps other immune responses. (b) Period of illness = pathogen is multiplying and reaches it maximum Candida can invade tissue by producing the exoenzymes __________ and __________. *The antigen first binds to the B-cell receptor (BCR) to activate antibody-mediated immunity. Can you place a MediaPlayer in multiple MediaViews? is part of the inflammatory response. pneumonia Who is covered by the bloodborne pathogen standard? Which of the following pathogens undergoes antigenic variation to avoid immune defenses? Make sure that all rats in the study are healthy. Section: 07.02, Inflammation is normally a self-limiting process. {H(Iq4fU{dwYVH@hi!XM!9/fiTxUyf+0v Aq]e;-yTzY7&#wcYk#Doyiclr"c!C a targeted and highly specific response to a single pathogen or molecule. D Bacteria, What is the common cold's pathogen. True or False: Breast milk is considered a possible transmission source of bloodborne pathogens. T cells can recognize antigens because they red blood cells, macrophages Period of decline = pathogen particles start to decline - slightly less than maximum Protozoa adhere to target cells through complex mechanisms and can cause cellular damage through release of cytopathic substances. Symptoms of a disease are subjective and are reported by the patient. *Neutrophils and macrophages are the main cells involved in the inflammatory response. All of the following groups are among the most vulnerable to infectious illnesses except? A healthcare worker not washing his/her hands. MTBE is used to be added to gasoline sold for vehicles, MTBE has been found in groundwater. B Virus Antigenic __________ is the result of reassortment of genes responsible for the production of influenza virus spike proteins between different virus particles while in the same host, whereas antigenic __________ is the result of point mutations in the spike proteins. On encountering the pathogen, B-cells differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies into our blood. endobj Which of the following applies to hyaluronidase? False, False answer choices Virus Bacteria Fungi Parasite/Protist They are all alive Question 2 10 seconds Q. Check all that apply Activation or inactivation of host cell DNA Binding to RNAs that silence genes Affect host cell DNA that is responsible for cytoskeleton organization Exchange of capsule genes between pathogen and host cell Secretion of . thyroid and tonsils True 16. *It is true that cytokines assist in regulating white blood cell formation. They release histamine which causes blood vessels to become permeable. Under these conditions, which antibody levels would be higher than normal? Section: 07.04 Which of the following is not required as part of an organization's exposure control plan? Section: 07.02, The membrane attack complex of the complement system is not effective against viruses. B red blood cells. Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. *Epinephrine counteracts the effects of histamine in anaphylactic shock. *Cytokines regulate white blood cell formation so they are being investigated as a possible treatment for AIDS. IgA antibodies prevent pathogens from attaching to epithelial cells in the digestive and respiratory tract. Nosocomial diseases are acquired from hospital settings. IgE, IgE plasma cells form; B cell divides; B cell activated; antigen binds to BCR, antigen binds to BCR; B cell activated; B cell divides; plasma cells form 24. 10. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. Primary pathogens are capable of causing pathological changes associated with disease in a healthy individual. This category is best described by which of the following? C Protozoa Rhino virus True or False: Breast milk is considered a possible transmission source of bloodborne pathogens. neutral, active, active, passive Ability to be transported initially to the host 2. intact skin Leishmania (Leishmaniasis). acid pH of stomach memory cell rheumatic fever Any substance that the white blood cells recognize as foreign is known as what? Explain three reasons why biofilm formers are more pathogenic. In each of the following sentences, cross out any incorrect word and write the correct word above it. Which of the following individuals introduced the terms "aerobes" and "anaerobes"? Blood is the only bodily fluid that can carry pathogens. adaptive, innate A Bacteria False, False Infectious diseases can be spread by any of the following ways except: The following is not a defense mechanism for infectious disease: The organism that attaches itself to healthy cells is called a/an: The virus that causes __________ also causes itchy, red bumps. All of the following are effective strategies for preventing the common cold, except? Antigenic __________ is the result of reassortment of genes responsible for the production of influenza virus spike proteins between different virus particles while in the same host, whereas antigenic __________ is the result of point mutations in the spike proteins. Which of the following statements about the treatment of viruses is not true? 1. In this case, the person has acquired a(n) __________ disease. Definition. A. hemolysin *In active immunity the individual produces antibodies against particular pathogens and in passive immunity the individual is given specific antibodies against a pathogen. neutrophils and macrophages MHC they act indiscriminately against all pathogens. Brian goes to the hospital after not feeling well for a week. antigen binds to BCR; B cell divides; B cell activated; plasma cells form histamine. Which of the following is the correct definition of the term Nosocomial Infection? Which of the following is defined as a plant or animal so small it can only be seen with a microscope? (b) How do they differ? IgG Devise an arrangement of mirrors allowing you to see the back of your head. B Inchworms Which of the following is not a bacteria disease? 21. Pathogen A has an ID50 of 50 particles, pathogen B has an ID50 of 1,000 particles, and pathogen C has an ID50of 1 106 particles. <> The final temperature of the system is 100^\circC. microorganisms that cause disease varicella zoster is the cause of chickenpox hiv is the causative agent of AIDS Vectors include insects some types of escherichia coli are normal flora of the a. urinary tract b. respiratory tract c. colob d. circulatory system c. Colon True all of the following may contribute to urinary tract infections except? A(n) __________ infection is a small region of infection from which a pathogen may move to another part of the body to establish a second infection. *The four signs of inflammation are redness, heat, swelling, and pain. (f) gel filtration. possess specific receptors. 36. Blood splash to the nose Needle stick Through the air Blood exposure to skin that is chapped or abraded 7, Which of the following is the appropriate place to dispose of glass pieces from broken slides or ampules? Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action.
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