ducks) are common carriers of this bacterium; it is mostly found around the bird's chest area and back plumage. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 18: Kurthia morphology (Enlarged view). Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Agriculture Handbook No. [13], B. licheniformis also shows possible applications in bioremediation, biomineralization, and biofuels as more examples.[13]. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Note the lemon-yellow colonies characteristic of this organism. SC-1. The bacterium grew to a fractal colony through the diffusion-limited aggregation process, a round colony reminiscent of the Eden model, a colony with a straight and densely branched structure similar to the dense branching morphology, a colony spreading without any openings, and a colony with concentric rings, on plates with various agar and Feather degrading bacteria may have played an important role in the evolution of molting, and patterns in feather coloration (Gloger's Rule). Whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic testing of 104 strains of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus paralicheniformis from a variety of sources and time periods was used to characterize the genetic background and evolution of (putative) antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. Streak plate isolation showing colonial morphology of Bacillus cereus on trypticase soy agar (TSA) incubated for 24 hours at 37oC. 22. Genome Biol. Partial isolate of an unknown organism on trypticase soy agar exhibiting spreading and mounding in an irregular-rhizoid form with lobate margins. This
(Tasha Sturm, Cabrillo College, Aptos, CA), Figure 58: An unknown airborne environmental isolate on Mueller-Hinton agar. Blbie V., Pozsgi N., 1985, Bacteriologie Medical, vol.ll, Ed. They include the following: Bacteria - A colony of bacteria usually appear in colors white, cream, and yellow. one double-stranded DNA molecule contained within a circular chromosome. 35. Bacillus Subtilis: Morphology, Functions and Role in Disease Management. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 29: Unknown isolate morphology (Enlarged view). Basic elements you can identify in a colony morphology include the following: Image 1: The image shows the colony morphology of bacteria. [6][9] B. licheniformis is found in a wide variety of environments, but especially in soil and in the feathers of birds, where B. licheniformis degrades -keratin. It is found on bird feathers, especially chest and back plumage, and most often in ground-dwelling birds (like sparrows) and aquatic species (like ducks). Rey M.W., Ramaiya P., Nelson B.A., Brody-Karpin S.D., Zaretsky E.J., Tang M., Lopez de Leon A., Xiang H., Gusti V., Clausen I.G., Olsen P.B., Rasmussen M.D., Andersen J.T., Jorgensen P.L., Larsen T.S., Sorokin A., Bolotin A., Lapidus A., Galleron N., Ehrlich S.D., Berka R.M. Unknown isolate cultivated on trypticase soy agar. Page authored by Clarissa Alejandro and Erin Collins, students of Prof. Kristine Hollingsworth at Austin Community College. Endospore formation is actually desired and serves as a great example of prokaryotic development and differentiation. (8). They vary in color, share, pigmentation, and other characteristics. Because it is capable of forming endospores that can be easily disseminated, B. licheniformis can be isolated from a variety of places, though it is mainly associated with plant materials. Image 11: A colony of yeast on the agar plate. 44. Gerardi, M. (2016). Irregular form, weakly undulate margin. FIG. The B. licheniformis chromosome contains large regions that are colinear with the genomes of B. subtilis and Bacillus halodurans, and approximately 80% of the predicted B. licheniformis coding sequences have B. subtilis orthologs [1]. [13][15][16] Some isolates have also been found to be probiotic in humans (and are also commercially available),[13][17] but it's been mentioned that clinical trials have not been performed on many of them yet. B. subtilis is most commonly singular in arrangement. 51. There are often comma shaped projections from the colony edge producing a "Medusa-head" colony. FIG. Mature colonies of Nocardia asteroides cultivated on trypticase soy agar. The colony morphology of B. subtilis refers to how it appears in large quantities. They include the following: Image 11: A colony of yeast on the agar plate. Recognition of greater diversity of Bacillus. (Tasha L. Sturm, Cabrillo College, Aptos, CA), Figure 50: Serratia marcescens colonial morphology. [12] Amylases are also synthesized by B. licheniformis and used for industrial purposes. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 14: Pasteurella multocida morphology (Enlarged view). Bacitracin was primary identified after its activity was tested against some species of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. With a cell length of up to 4 m and a diameter of 1.5 m, B. megaterium is amongst the biggest known bacteria. The genus Bacillus covered a great diversity of strains and some of them are strictly aerobic, while others are facultative anaerobic. Irregular form, undulate margin. Catalase-positive. Staphylococcus aureus cultivated on trypticase soy agar. supplementation on the apparent ileal Part of colony demonstrating irregular form, lobate margin. The isolated colonies were subcultured and obtained in pure form for further experiments. sparrows)and on the water (i.e. (Remco Kort, TNO, Netherlands), Figure 28: Unknown isolate morphology (Enlarged view). A Microbial Biorealm page on the genus Bacillus licheniformis. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 36: Pseudomonas aeruginosa morphology (Enlarged view). Once in the gut, these spores become active and colonize. It is also a facultative anaerobe. Bacillus subtilis PabrB-gfp after 14 days viewed at high magnification. One isolate matched Bacillus panaciterrae which has not previously been described as a hot-spring isolate. FIG. Note the rough and dry texture characteristic of this organism's growth. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 6: Lactobacillus plantarum morphology (Enlarged view). The protease has an optimum pH at around 9 and 10, which is desirable since it can remove protein-comprised dirt in clothes. (3) Rey M.W., Ramaiya P., Nelson B.A., Brody-Karpin S.D., Zaretsky E.J., Tang M., Lopez de Leon A., Xiang H., Gusti V., Clausen I.G., Olsen P.B., Rasmussen M.D., Andersen J.T., Jorgensen P.L., Larsen T.S., Sorokin A., Bolotin A., Lapidus A., Galleron N., Ehrlich S.D., Berka R.M. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 44: Bacillus licheniformis morphology (Enlarged view). FIG. (Richard A. Robison, Gable Moffitt, Neal Thomson, and Marissa Cohen, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 9: Streptococcus pneumoniae morphology (Enlarged view). exhibit large, flat colonies on non-selective media. FIG. Irregular form, lobate margin. Bacillus megaterium produce a polypeptide capsule - diversity of metabolic types and nutritional requirements (psychrophiles, mesophiles - majority, and thermophiles; as well as alkalophilic, neutrophilic, and acidophilic) - grow well on blood agar medium, frequently are b-haemolytic - some species are producers of antibiotics Endospores Mycobacterium smegmatis cultivated on trypticase soy agar. The image below shows how Gram-positive bacteria have a much thicker peptidoglycan layer (in purple). Without the support of synthetic chemicals, B. subtilis is not the fastest strain it reduces dry-weight plastic by around 1.75% over a term of 30 days. 43. Bacillus megaterium at 37. A colony is defined as a visible mass of microorganisms all originating from a single mother cell, therefore a colony constitutes a clone of bacteria all genetically alike. B. licheniformis is naturally competent for genetic transformation. The pigment is opaque white-beige with a mucoid surface towards the center of the colony and a matte surface towards the edges. (Tasha Sturm and Marina Sturm, Cabrillo College, Aptos, CA), Figure 53: Unknown Organism Exhibiting Glossy Rhizoid Growth. Recently discovered filament-forming proteins run along the longer axis of rod-shaped cells and push original and replicated DNA to each end during cell division. . Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature, "RNA-Seq of Bacillus licheniformis: active regulatory RNA features expressed within a productive fermentation", "Comparative growth analysis of the facultative anaerobes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Escherichia coli", "Identification and High-level Production of Pulcherrimin in Bacillus licheniformis DW2", "Prevalence and genetic diversity of Bacillus licheniformis in avian plumage", "Colourful parrot feathers resist bacterial degradation", "Stability of thermostable alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis RP1 in commercial solid laundry detergent formulations", "Biotechnological applications of Bacillus licheniformis", "On the industrial use of Bacillus licheniformis: a review", "Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens Supplemented with Bacillus licheniformis in Drinking Water", "The probiotic Bacillus licheniformis ameliorates heat stress-induced impairment of egg production, gut morphology, and intestinal mucosal immunity in laying hens", "Bacillus strains as human probiotics: characterization, safety, microbiome, and probiotic carrier", "Unravelling the genetic basis for competence development of auxotrophic Bacillus licheniformis 9945A strains", "Combined Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis infection in a patient with oesophageal perforation", "Toxigenic Strains of Bacillus licheniformis Related to Food Poisoning", "Postoperative neurosurgical infections due to bacillus species", "[Bacillary endophthalmitis. The isolated colonies were counted and the number of bacteria expressed as Log of Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/g of CSS. Its use as an expression vector for the production of enzymes and . FIG. Scientists at Newcastle University have been researching how the organism's ability to release an enzyme that breaks down external DNA may aid in breakdown of dental biofilms, or plaque. It can cause ophthalmitis, which is the inflammation of the eye. : #22892] Cell shape: rod-shaped [Ref. 2006 Nov;188(21):7500-11. Spores occur in soil, on bird feathers and in ground dwelling birds and aquatic species; comprise the subtilis group, which has been associated with food-borne gastro-enteritis. Circular form, convex elevation, entire margin. Weakly umbonate elevation. Bacteriocins can withstand broad fluctuations in temperature and slow the growth of or even destroy colonies of other types of bacteria. 8. These have an onset time of 2-14 hours and last no longer than 36 hours. FIG. Yeasts The colony of yeast, which is a type of fungi, is somewhat similar to that of the colony of bacteria. 11. 26. The surface of B. licheniformis colonies are often rough and wrinkled, with "licheniform", or hair-like growths. It is a gram-positive, mesophilic bacterium. The compound 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) is a bulk flavor and fragrance with a rose-like aroma that can be produced by microbial cell factories, but its cellular toxicity inhibits cellular growth and limits strain performance. Genome Biol. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2022 LaboratoryInfo.com. Laboratories use B. subtilis when studying and finding new treatments for infection. The complete nucleotide sequence of Bacillus licheniformis consists of the ATCC 14580 genome, which has a circular chromosome of 4,222,336 bp (base pairs) which contains 4,208 predicted protein-coding genes (average size of 873 bp), 7 rRNA operons, and 72 tRNA genes. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 12: Unknown isolate morphology (Enlarged view). 53. Bacillus are a genus of Gram-positive bacteria used as probiotics for animal and human consumption. ", Biologydictionary.net Editors. FIG. While current research into intravenous, intranasal, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous bacteriocin drugs is still in the testing phase, these intracellular antibacterial agents have already arrived on supermarket shelves as B. subtilis-containing probiotic drinks or pills. [2] Subtilisin Carlsberg (P00780) secreted by B. licheniformis is used as a detergent protease. Results of studies show that the ohmic heating has a quicker death kinetic rate, meaning shorter and less aggressive treatments can be used to kill off B. licheniformis. Although B. licheniformis often occurs in high numbers in these foods, it's presence is not usually regulated in contrast to B. cereus, which is credited with most food poisoning incidents by the Bacillus species. They are currently distributed in various commercial forms. and Cornell N. Protoplast Lysis and Inhibition of Growth of Bacillus licheniformis by Bacitracin. (2) Salkinoja-Salonen S., Vuorio R., Andersson M.A., Kmpfer P., Andersson M.C., Honkanen-Buzalski T., and Scoging A.C. Toxigenic Strains of Bacillus licheniformis Related to Food Poisoning.Appl Environ Microbiol. ruled out continue with routine identification major characteristics of bacillus anthracis gram stain morphology large gram positive rods spores may be . Colony morphology and size very variable between and within species. The mucoid phenotype is due to the presence of a thick polysaccharide capsule. But, although similar to B. subtilis, they differ in the amount and location of prophages, transposable elements, extracellular enzymes, and secondary metabolic pathway operons. Food poisoning can cause cramping, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, and fatalities by B. licheniformis toxins, though rare, have been reported. Probiotics are considered living microorganisms that help preserve the health of the host who uses them. Food borne outbreaks usually involve cases of cooked meats and vegetables, raw milk, and industrially produced baby food contaminated with B. licheniformis. The complete nucleotide sequence of B. licheniformis is ATCC 14580 genome which forms a circular chromosome of 4,222,336 base-pairs (bp) containing 4,208 predicted protein-coding genes with size averaging at 873 bp, 7 rRNA operons, and 72 tRNA genes. FIG. A) lipase B) amylase C) gelatinase 43. Rough colony morphology of wild-type Mycobacterium smegmatis (left side); themutant phenotype (right side) is smooth and translucent when observed in front of direct light. (Remco Kort, TNO, Netherlands), Figure 25: Bacillus subtilis morphology (Enlarged view). 2003 Apr;69(4):2321-9. (Richard A. Robison, Gable Moffitt, Neal Thomson, and Marissa Cohen, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 15: Nocardia asteroides morphology (Enlarged view). Convex elevation. The probiotic effects of seven newly isolated gut bacteria, from the indegenous honey bees of Saudi Arabia were investigated. Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3: The, Hoyles L., Honda H., Logan N.A., Halket G., La Ragione R., McCartney A.L., 2012. FIG. However, when paired with another bacteria called Pseudomonas aeruginosa both types of bacteria perform more efficiently. Epub 2004 Sep 13. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 42: Serratia marcescens morphology (Enlarged view). FIG. This page was last edited on 22 April 2011, at 19:15. (Richard A. Robison, Gable Moffitt, Neal Thomson, and Marissa Cohen, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT) Figure 21: Unknown isolate morphology (Enlarged view). A significant difference in pressure across the cytoplasmic membrane pushes the cell wall into a specific shape. Reports about Bacillus licheniformis having detrimental effects on insect, avian, plant, and estuarine marine species are fortunately almost non-existent. An unknown fungal isolate on trypticase soy agar exhibiting small round colonies. Feathers are a major by-product of the poultry processing industry that are particularly difficult to degrade. You can see Bacillus subtilis listed on the label of many probiotics, too. With antibiotic resistance on the increase, new therapies for bacterial infections are receiving a lot of attention. ducks) are common carriers of this bacterium; it is mostly found A bacterial rod is a symmetrical cylinder with rounded ends. Ecologists are looking for signs of association between the plumage feathers and B. licheniformis activity. 7(4):204-211. B. licheniformis produces a variety of extracellular enzymes that are associated with the cycling of nutrients in nature. These bacteria are commonly known to cause food poisoning and food spoilage. B. licheniformis can also cause food-borne gastro-enteritis, which is infection of the gut that can lead to a life threatening condition called septicaemia. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 17: Mycobacterium smegmatis morphology (Enlarged view). Phenol is a highly persistent environmental pollutant and is toxic to living organisms. A high microbial density was observed at low NaCl concentration. Since this bacterium grows in alkaline conditions, it produces a desirable protease that can survive at high pH levels. B. cereus food poisoning may occur when foods are prepared . This present paper explores the ability. A green discoloration on blood agar may appear. A bacterial colony is limited by. This protease is a desired ingredient in laundry detergent due to its ability to be used in low temperatures, which prevents shrinkage and fading colors. Irregular form, undulate margin. Sequencing of the 16S rDNA of the isolates followed by BLAST search revealed that nine strains could be identified as<i> Bacillus licheniformis</i> and one . B. licheniformis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, endospore-forming organism, which forms colonies of a moderate (2-4 mm) diameter, exceptionally variable in their appearance and often. Bacillus species can be either obligate aerobes which are dependent on oxygen, or facultative . W.B. A circular chromosome is typical of bacteria, mitochondria, and plant chloroplasts. FIG. The isolates showing a different cell and colony morphology (Optical microscope, Axioskop 40 Zeiss) were picked and purified on the same agar medium. Birds that tend to stay on the ground more than the air (i.e. Epub 2006 Aug 25. from wheat bread and strategy for their control by lactic acid bacteria. Bacillus thuringiensis cultivated on 5% sheep blood agar. Curtis, A. [3] A small antisense RNA against Subtilisin Carlsberg named BLi_r0872 was discovered in an RNA-seq based study. Filamentous form. (7) Wecke T, Veith B, Ehrenreich A, Mascher T. Cell envelope stress response in Bacillus licheniformis: integrating comparative genomics, transcriptional profiling, and regulon mining to decipher a complex regulatory network. Optimal growth of B. licheniformis occurs around 50C, but the organism can survive at much higher/lower temperatures for extended periods because it is spore-forming. The Molecular Biology of the Bacilli. Unknown isolates cultivated on trypticase soy agar. Optimal temperature for enzyme secretion is at human body temperature, 37C. Privacy Policy sets forth the information we collect about you, how we use
This sample was obtained from a floor swab and incubated at 37C. Core proteins were identified in draft genomes and a phylogenetic analysis based on single amino acid polymorphisms . (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 38: Streptococcus salivarius morphology (Enlarged view). Mycobacterium marinum cultivated on Mycobacterium 7H11 agar with oleic acid-albumin-dextrose-catalase enrichment. Medical, Bucureti. Can grow on MacConkey agar and Simmons' citrate agar. Bacillus licheniformis is commonly associated with food spoilage and poisoning. A taxonomical approach shows that it is closely related to B. subtilis (Lapidus et al., 2002; Xu and Cte, 2003; Rey et al., 2004). [20][26] There is evidence that contamination may be a result of a toxin. Bacillus subtilis PabrB-gfp viewed at low magnification. 56. B. licheniformis is a motile organism capable of fermenting sugars (lactose, glucose, mannitol) and excreting useful extracellular enzymes including but not limited to: catalase, casease, urease, deaminase, protease, and lipase. Whitman. These spores are quite tolerant of heat, cold, radiation, and other environmental stresses. 1999 October; 65(10): 46374645. 13. 5. 1 A). Streak plate isolation of Serratia marcescens on trypticase soy agar (TSA) incubated at 37oC for 24 hours then at room temperature for 24 hours to allow for temperature-sensitive pigment production. The future may provide a microplastics solution in the form of specific bacterial combinations where, in the same way as we combine cytotoxic drugs to fight specific forms of cancer, plastic-digesting combinations can be used to degrade different types of polyethylene. B. licheniformis is closely related to Bacillus subtilis. Pathogenesis The virulence factors of B anthracis are its capsule and three-component toxin, both encoded on plasmids. The results of this carbohydrate fermentation test read A. AG, AG, K B . 16. (D. Barrie Johnson, University of Wales, UK), Figure 32: Thiomonas-like bacteria morphology (Enlarged view). (4) Salkinoja-Salonen S., Vuorio R., Andersson M.A., Kmpfer P., Andersson M.C., Honkanen-Buzalski T., and Scoging A.C. (6) Veith, B., Herzberg, C., Steckel, S., Feesche, J., Maurer, K. H., Ehrenreich, P., Bumer, S., Henne, A., Liesegang, H., Merkl, R., Ehrenreich, A., Gottschalk, G. (2004). 18. This bacterium can survive harsh environments by turning into spore-form; when conditions are good, it will turn back into a vegetative state. In the present study, CotA laccase was cloned from Bacillus licheniformis ZOM-1 and expressed in Escherichia coli. The sample was obtained from a floor and incubated at 37C for 48 hours. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 43: Unknown isolate morphology (Enlarged view). It is an apathogenic soil organism that is mostly associated with plant and plant materials in nature. FIG. Statistical analysis with canonical variates gave four well-separated groups, which represented the four species. 32. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 24: Bacillus subtilis morphology (Enlarged view). Biologydictionary.net Editors. Cross-links between peptide chains create a crystal-lattice like structure [6]. FIG. Shape A bacterial colony can manifest in various shapes which include but not limited to the following: Spiral Bacteria that are twisted or helical in shape which looks like little corkscrews. Notice thetypical ground glass appearance. . It is particularly effective against Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Shigella sonnei. 29. FIG. The water droplets (exudate) that can be seen on the outer edges of the colony, not in the center, is a result of respiration. FIG. In this study, culture conditions were optimized for Bacillus sp. in LB agar after 24 h of isolation and incubation was large, round, creamy white, with a rough colony surface (Fig. Colonial. Bacillus licheniformis 16S rDNA [1] The pigment is opaque white-beige with a mucoid surface over most of the colony. The Research/Technology Invention Award 2006 was given to members of the BiotechGenoMik project on B. licheniformis; they invented a system for controlling industrial fermentation, which they named BioChip. The initial sample was obtained from a swab taken from the bottom of a shoe and incubated at 37 C for 48 hours. 20. Color is whitish and may become brown. B. licheniformis lives in the barbules, or terminal branches of the barbs of a bird feather. Its optimal growth temperature is 50C, but it can also survive at much higher temperatures. In vivo bioassays were used to investigate the effects of each gut bacterium namely, Fructobacillus fructosus (T1), Proteus mirabilis (T2), Bacillus licheniformis (T3), Lactobacillus kunkeei (T4), Bacillus subtilis (T5), Enterobacter kobei (T6), and Morganella morganii . The form of the colony is subdivided into following: Image 2:Elevation of the bacterial colony. Morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of these strains were studied by optimizing their growth conditions such as pH, NaCl and temperature. (Volker Briken, University of Maryland, College Park, MD), Figure 34: Unknown isolate morphology (Enlarged view). Sheep blood agar (SBA) Colonies are nonhemolytic, flat or slightly convex with irregular edges and ground-glass appearance. . FIG. Arrangement of cells Bacterial cells can be arranged in the following orders: Image 9: The image shows the typical characteristics of the bacterial colony on agar slants. 41. (6) It tends to form spores in soil which makes it desirable to be used for the industrial purposes such as the production of enzymes, antibiotics, and small metabolites. It produces a variety of extracellular enzymes that are associated with the cycling of nutrients in nature. Bacillus aryabhattai strain B8W22 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial . B. licheniformis is a rod-shaped, gram positive motile bacterium. (Bryan MacDonald, Christopher Adams, and Kyle Smith, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT), Figure 35: Nocardia asteroides morphology (Enlarged view). It has a variety of uses including commercial processes. Irregular form, undulate margin. J Bacteriol. As these bacteria extract carbon and produce heat, the plastic polymers slowly degrade. It can exist in a dormant spore form to resist harsh environments, or in a vegetative state when conditions are good. Can J Microbiol 51: 191 196.
The optimal temperature for enzyme secretion is 37C. B. pumilus contains one circular chromosome Each chromosomes having 4000 genes and 3600-3900 proteins . It is spore-forming under harsh conditions and closely related to the widely studied B. subtilis. 1965 February; 89(2): 415420. Kurthia sp. This is desired because it is cheap and nutritious. 46. Iron-oxidizing Thiomonas-like bacteria isolated from mine waters. As mentioned, Bacillus licheniformis is commonly found on bird feathers; by fermentation with B. licheniformis, the large amounts of non-digestible proteins found in the feathers can turn into a feather meal for livestock. Unknown isolate cultivated on trypticase soy agar. -Amylase from Bacillus licheniformis , lipase from porcine pancreas, proteinase from Tritirachium album, -chymotrypsin from porcine pancreas . Bacillus thuringiensis cultivated on 5% sheep blood agar. three species of the genus Bacillus : Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus pumilus. B. licheniformis exhibits antimicrobial activity against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 2011; 1(3): 120-126. ( 1974) . The Bacillus is a heterogenous genera of bacteria with species that contain enormous antimicrobial compounds that act as agent of fighting several microbial diseases 8. species were detected b cereus b mycoides and b licheniformis identification of bacillus species implication on the quality of . 1999 October; 65(10): 46374645. (1973) The genus Bacillus . Circular form, entire margin. As with the shape, bacteria colony is usually fairly circular. FIG. In the laboratory, naturally-occurring B. subtilis enzymes were able to normalize pH, reduce COD by over 87%, lower TSS by over 90%, and remove nearly 50% of chloride.
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