[36] Furthermore, Maronite newspapers had negatively depicted the Shiite groups, often as murderers and pillagers. February 27, 2023 . While the French and Russians mainly encouraged Maronite and Orthodox active learning respectively, along with American Protestant missions in Beirut, the British established educational institutions in Druze areas, and Sunnis mainly benefitted from Ottoman state institutions. Liman is a Lebanon term for bright, shining and lustrous. [36] The insurgents managed to temporarily conquer the Tebnine citadel in 1783, and the period witnessed swift uprisings in Tyre and Chehour in 17841785. [41] The three Shia principalities underwent different historical trajectories. Very religious families might decorate their homes with religious posters or signs specific to their sect. The Qarmatian movement in the Levant was largely extinguished by the turn of the millennium. Unsuccessful in the imperial capital of Cairo, they began discreetly proselytising around the year 1017 among certain Arab tribes in the Levant. They profess Islam and belong to the Sunni sect and observe all Muslim fairs and festivals . This deeply esoteric group became known as the Druze, who in belief, practice, and history have long since become distinct from Isma'ilis proper. One of the names of prophet. [17] Sunni Muslims constitute 27% of Lebanon's population, according to a 2012 estimate. Aragona Capital > Uncategorized > lebanese sunni surnames > Uncategorized > lebanese sunni surnames [13] Al-Yunini identifies other notable Shia individuals from Baalbek in this period, including Muhammad bin Abi al-Hasan (11981278) from Baalbek, a battle-hardened fris and amir of 20 soldiers who fought the crusaders and Mongols; and Muhammad bin Muwaffaq al-Tanukhi (fl. July 31, 2019, 3:39 PM. Legendary Lakers center and all-time NBA leading scorer Kareem Abdul-Jabbar was born Lew Alcindor in New York City and raised Roman Catholic. Members of the family also served as supervisors of the Mamuk army in Damascus. Under the Ottomans, Local Shias often came into conflict with Ottoman-assigned governors of Tripoli, Sidon and Damascus, who derogatorily referred to them as Qizilbash in their documents as a means to delegitimize them or justify punitive campaigns against them. Between 1187 and 1291, the Shiites of Jabal Amel were divided between the newly autonomous hills and a coast still subject to the Franks. lebanese sunni surnames. 37. [12], After Kitbuqa took Baalbek in 1260, many Shias refused the newly imposed Mongol authority. These genetic studies show us there is no significant differences between the Muslims and non-Muslims of Lebanon. [44] This institution since 1920 headquartered in Beirut- oversaw every educational policy regarding public and private school in the mandate territories. Maronites, Rum Christians, Protestant Christians etc. In successive polls, approval of the United States within the Sunni Lebanese . However, Beirut became the only fully Latin speaking city in the whole east. The factory was bought in the late 1960s by the Madhvani Group under the direction of Isma'ili entrepreneur Abdel-Hamid al-Fil after the Aga Khan personally brought the two into contact. [9], During Roman rule, Aramaic became the lingua franca of the entire Levant and Lebanon, replacing spoken Phoenician on the coast, while Greek was used as language of administration, education and trading. Lebanese Shia Muslims (Arabic: ), historically known as matwila (Arabic: , plural of mutawlin[2] ([Lebanese pronounced as metouali[3]]) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Shia branch of Islam in Lebanon, which plays a major role along Lebanon's main Sunni, Maronite and Druze sects. In the Levant, the Qarmatians were ordered to be stamped out by the ruling Fatimid, themselves Isma'ilis and from whom the lineage of the modern Nizari Aga Khan is claimed to descend. There are over fifteen different officially recognised religious sects in Lebanon. It is important to note that most villages and towns in Lebanon today have Aramaic names, reflecting this heritage. You can subscribe to "The Monthly" magazine by calling : 01-983008/9. Druze constitute 5.2% of the modern population of Lebanon and still have a strong demographic presence in their traditional regions within the country to this day.[63]. It also has sent thousands of fighters into Syria to battle alongside the Damascus. Most of its adherents live in the northern and western area of the Beqaa Valley, Southern Lebanon and Beirut. Isma'ilis hold that Isma'il ibn Jafar was the true seventh imam, and not Musa al-Kadhim as the Twelvers believe. [4][5][6][7], The cultural and linguistic heritage of the Lebanese people is a blend of both indigenous elements and the foreign cultures that have come to rule the land and its people over the course of thousands of years. Baalbek in the 18th century was really under the control of the Metawali, which also refers to the Shia Twelvers. [11] As the Muslim conquest of the Levant reached Lebanon, these Arab tribes received the most power which encouraged the non-Arabic-speaking population to adopt Arabic as the main language. and through the Ottoman period (ending in 1918), has virtually been bereft of communal autonomy. It is a variant of the surname Al-Amin, which means faithful or trustworthy. [82], "Mutawl" redirects here. Tiberias was visited in 880s by al-Ya'qubi who noted the presence of a Shia[13] tribe in the city, al-Ash'ari of Madh'hij who originally founded the Shia holy city of Qom in 703. [25], A decade later in 1781, Shia autonomy in Jabal Amel similarly diminished under Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar (17761804), nicknamed the butcher. Sunni Muslims regard their denomination as the mainstream and traditionalist branch of Islamas distinguished from the minority denomination, the Shiah. Other Muslim rulers soon acted to crush this powerful heretical movement. Sunni Islam in Lebanon has a history of more than a millennium. Shiites view Ali and his two sons, Hassan and Hussein, as the first of the 12 imams, or holy leaders of Islam. Later in 1921, this period of unrest ended with a political amnesty offered by the French mandate authorities for all Shiites who had joined the riots, with the intention to bind the Shia community in the South of Lebanon to the new Mandate state. Got a question about todays news? [28] [81], Haplogroup J2 is also a significant marker throughout Lebanon (29%). Some of the influencers of Lebanese culture are Phoenicians, Assyrians, Romans, Ottoman Turks, Greeks, Persians, Arabs, and the French. "[4], Genealogical DNA testing has shown that 27,7% of Lebanese Muslims (non-Druze) belong to the Y-DNA haplogroup J1. The years-long siege of Tripoli and the brutal aftermath of its fall caused an influx outside of Tripoli. [25][13][26] In 1363, the Mamluks released an official decree prohibiting Shia rituals practiced among "some of the people of Beirut, Sidon and their surrounding villages", threatening punishment and military campaign. [36], Following the outbreak of the 1860 civil war, the conflict in Mount Lebanon had affected neighbouring areas. Al-Fil closed the plant down on 15 July just after the war broke out to safeguard against the deaths of workers in the event of such an attack, but the damage was estimated at a steep 55million US dollars, with the reconstruction timeframe indefinite due to instability and government hesitation. The tradition in this case refers to practices based on what the Prophet Muhammad said, did, agreed to. [13] Qarmatian influence may have also played a role when the latter gained foothold in neighboring Homs before the Abbasids kicked them out in 903. Bab al-Tabbaneh, Jabal Mohsen clashes between pro-Syrian Alawites and anti-Syrian Sunnis have haunted Tripoli for decades.[62]. [28], Zahir's military potential was significantly boosted by the backing of 10,000 Shiite fighters, noted by a French consul as "excellent fighters",[28] who aided him against the sieges and assaults of the governors of Damascus, and participated in fifteen subsequent campaigns against his foes. Following this crisis, a Shiite influx overran the Beqaa. [29] During most of the Ottoman period, the Shia largely maintained themselves as 'a state apart'. In the 2006 Lebanon War, Israeli warplanes bombed the factory of the Maliban Glass company in the Beqaa valley on 19 July. club xl harrisburg capacity; pivotal group snapnurse; what happened to sofia's daughter in john wick 3; rachel lavine robbie kaplan; Scuba Certification; Private Scuba Lessons; Scuba Refresher for Certified Divers; Try Scuba Diving; Enriched Air Diver (Nitrox) Note that the following percentages are estimates only. [84] Other haplogroups present among Lebanese Shia include E1b1b (17%), G-M201 (10%), R1b, and T-L206 occurring at smaller, but significant rates. Comte de Volney, who visited Lebanon between 1783 and 1785, indeed noted this. Alessandria Masi/International Business Times Ultra -religious Sunnis and Shiites are much more easily distinguished. situs link alternatif kamislot However, Shiites were the only ones who did not benefit from such activities. Explainer thanks Susan Dakak, Masoud Kazemzadeh, and Zainab al-Suwaij. The boys' school was known as al-Ja'fariyya, and was able to continue despite financial difficulties. With Shiism losing ground in Aleppo due to previous Seljuq, Ayyubid and now Mamluk takeover, a stream of scholars shifted to Jabal Amel, and the area probably received migrants from there as it provided refuge from Sunni rigor. There are Shiite and Sunni regions and neighborhoods in Iraq, and members of small communities may know the religious affiliations of their neighbors. The Monthly is published on a quarterly basis by Information International, a leading Beirut-based research and consultancy firm. [75] However, a 2012 CIA study reports that the Shia Muslims constituted an estimated 27% of Lebanon's population. [30] He also took part in the punitive campaigns against Chouf in 16134, and married his son to Fakhreddine's daughter. Since 2011, Lebanon has taken in 1.5 million Syrian refugees. Certain religious rituals are another giveaway. [40] However, the French breakdown on Shiites left the latter resentful against them. In an interview from 2013, the lead investigator, Pierre Zalloua, pointed out that genetic variation preceded religious variation and divisions: Lebanon already had well-differentiated communities with their own genetic peculiarities, but not significant differences, and religions came as layers of paint on top. 1221), one of Baalbek's few Shia scholars at the time, took the initiative and retreated to the slopes of Mount Lebanon, where he was joined by ten thousand guerillas according to 13th century historian al-Yunini, a number surely exaggerated. According to al-Maqdisi, half of the population of the towns of Hunin and Qadas were Shia Muslims, while Shiites were the majority in Amman and Tiberias adjacent to Jabal Amel. Prior their alliance, Zahir backed the Shiites in a battle against the Shihabis in 1750, when the latter were routed and defeated. It commonly designates a chief of a tribe or a royal family member. By the late 17th century, the family controlled a territory that stretched from Safita and Krak des Chevaliers in Syria to Keserwan, virtually most of northern Lebanon. You can also tell a Sunni from a Shiite based on where he goes to pray: Locals would know the affiliation of each mosque, and outsiders may be able to tell by reading the banners or inscriptions. ANWAR AMRO/AFP/Getty Images. [36] Resistance subsided following the French campaign, and Adham Khanjar and his men continued their sabotage missions until an unsuccessful assassination attempt on French High Commissioner Henri Gouraud, which led to Khanjar's execution in 1923.[40]. The diverse attributes are seen in everyday living in Lebanon. In the Bekaa, the illustrious Murtada family of Sayyid descent served as deputies of Baalbek throughout most of the period, and were named supervisors of the newly endowed Alid shrine of Sayyidah Zaynab near Damascus in 1366. It has a red "U" on it. This tradition makes it more likely that a man named Ali, Hassan, or Hussein would be a Shiite. Lebanon's Sunni community is its third largest ethnopolitical group and comprises one-fifth of the total population. In Ja'far al-Muhajir's assessment, the presence of pro-Alid tribes such as Hamdan and Madh'hij in the region after the HasanMuawiya treaty in 661 CE, likely acted as a vector that facilitated the Shi'ism among segments of the local populations in Jabal Amel, Galilee and Beqaa valley,[13] where anti-Abbasid sentiment was common as a result of discrimination and ongoing marginalization of the region by the Abbasids. Lebanese Christians (95%), Shia Muslims (95%) and Sunni Muslims (86%) all . Many Christians who fled their villages during the revolt were accommodated by Shia notables from Nabatieh and Bint Jbeil, an act that was appreciated by Christian clergies in letters. lebanese sunni surnamesaileen wuornos timeline. Name of a friend of Prophet Muhammad. Chebli's funeral procession ended in bloodshed. Its not easy. [12] Such influx either inaugurated the Shia community of Keserwan or inflated a previously established rural Shiite community there. This angered the French, who encouraged an unsuccessful assassination attempt against him. The Shiites resented the Shihabi-Egyptian alliance, and assumed a central role in the efforts of expelling the Egyptians from Syria. It is an Arabic epithet and honorific title of the Prophet. Malik, Maleek, Malek or Malyk (Arabic: or ) is a given name and surname.
Steve Lansdown Private Jet,
2007 Rutgers Women's Basketball Roster,
Funny Things To Say On Twitch Donations,
Royal Caribbean Shore Excursions Perfect Day,
Articles L